WINDOW TYPES
When defining a layout set window, you must select a window type for the window. You can choose between three types:
• Constant windows (CONST)
• Variable windows (VAR)
• Main windows (MAIN)
CONSTANT WINDOW
A window of type CONST has the same contents and size on all layout set pages, on which a corresponding page window is defined. This allows the processing of the window contents to be optimized internally.
Page windows whose allocated window is of type CONST must have the same size throughout the layout set. If a window of type CONST is full, all remaining text the application program wants to output in this window, is lost. Constant windows do not trigger a page break. In other words: all text exceeding the window size is simply truncated.
VARIABLE WINDOW
The contents of variable windows is processed again for each page, on which the window appears. The system outputs only as much text as fits into the window. Text exceeding the window size is truncated; the system does not trigger a page break. Unlike constant windows, the page windows declared as variable windows may have different sizes on different layout set pages.
As far as the processing of the window contents is concerned, the system currently treats constant and variable windows alike. The only difference is that constant windows have the same size throughout the layout set.
MAIN WINDOW
Each layout set must have one window of typeMAIN . Such a window is called the main window of the layout set. For SAPscript layout sets, the main window has a central meaning:
• It controls the page break.
• It contains the text body that may cover several pages.
• It allows to fix text elements at the upper and lower margins of the allocated page window (for example, for column headings).
As soon as a window of typeMAIN is full, SAPscript automatically triggers a page break and continues to output the remaining text in the main window of the subsequent page. Page windows of type MAIN have the same width throughout the layout set. The SAPscript composer thus avoids reformatting of the text after each page break.
If a page does not have a main window, the system implicitly processes all other windows of the page and continues with the subsequent page. This page must not call itself as subsequent page (recursive call), since this would produce an endless loop. In such a case, SAPscript terminates the output after three subsequent pages.
HOW THE COMPOSER WORKS
The composer or layout set processor is the central formatting module for the print output. It prepares the texts for the different output devices by using the allocated styles or layout sets.
Processing a layout set happens in a certain order. You must know some facts concerning the different window types, the setting of subsequent pages, or the dynamic control from within the print program.
Page control in layout sets
Define subsequent page statically
Define subsequent page dynamically
Format a layout set page
PAGE CONTROL IN LAYOUT SETS
SAPscript automatically triggers a page break as soon as the main window of one page is full. To be able to execute the page break, the system must know on which subsequent page to continue outputting the text. You can specify the subsequent page either statically when defining the layout set, or you can set the subsequent page dynamically during layout set output.
If the subsequent page is not specified, SAPscript automatically terminates printing, thereby ignoring any other output statements of the application program.
DEFINE SUBSEQUENT PAGE STATICALLY
You define the subsequent page statically with the layout set maintenance transaction. First, specify the start page in the layout set header. The system automatically calls this page whenever the layout set is started. With this page, or, more correctly, with the page window of this page, the text output starts. For each page, specify the subsequent page in the page definition. After a page break, the system continues text output on the subsequent page defined for the last page. By specifying start page and subsequent pages, you can define a page sequence.
DEFINE SUBSEQUENT PAGE DYNAMICALLY
The page sequence set in the layout set definition can be changed by the application program dynamically at runtime. If you want the layout set to start with a page other than the one defined in the layout set header, specify the desired start page using the parameter STARTPAGE when you call the function module START_FORM. However, this new start page is valid only for the current call of the function module.
If you want to break to a subsequent page other than the one specified in the page definition, use the control statement NEW-PAGE to set the name of the new page.
NEW-PAGE.
NEW-PAGE ends the output on the current page. The new subsequent page is only valid for the current call of the control statement. You can either include the control statement explicitly into the text of a text element or pass it to the layout set output using the function module CONTROL_FORM.
FORMAT LAYOUT SET PAGE
The process of formatting the output is controlled by the text contents in the BODY area of the main window. If the main window is completely filled, or if the control statement NEW-PAGE appears in the main window, the system executes a page break. Only at this point in time the system formats the contents of the windows of the other types and replaces the variables with the current values.
For each other window, the system first outputs the default text element, if it exists. Then it processes and formats the list of the active text elements of this window, which you set using the function module WRITE_FORM with the parameter FUNCTION (SET, APPEND, DELETE). Any text that does not fit into the page window is truncated.
As a consequence to this processing order of the composer, the reservation of space for the TOP and BOTTOM areas must be made beforehand. If the BODY area of the main window already contains text, a new text output to the TOP area does not appear on the current page but on the subsequent page in the TOP area. The same applies for the BOTTOM area. If the BODY area is filled to such an extend that the new BOTTOM text no longer fits into the current main window, this text appears on the subsequent page in the BOTTOM area.
A frequent error in application programs is that for the subsequent page (for example, NEXT) of a layout set no main window is defined. If the formatted text of the previous page did not fit into the corresponding main window , the composer searches the subsequent pages for a main window to output the text remainder. However, if the subsequent page of NEXT is NEXT again, the composer encounters an endless loop.
To be able to create correct page breaks in longer text, you should define a main window on each layout set page.
LAYOUT SET CONTROL
To output SAPscript layout sets, in the print program you must always start the output with OPEN_FORM and end it with CLOSE_FORM. The function module OPEN_FORM initializes the SAPscript composer and opens the specified layout set for subsequent output. The system combines all output for this layout set up to the CLOSE_FORM to one print request. If CLOSE_FORM is missing, nothing will be printed.
To output data in a layout set, you must use the SAPscript function modules WRITE_FORM, WRITE_FORM_LINES, and CONTROL_FORM. You can use these function modules any number of times in any order between opening and closing a layout set.
You cannot use the ABAP/4 statement WRITE to write output to a SAPscript layout set.
Several print requests
Start a layout set again
Switch layout sets
Find layout sets
SEVERAL PRINT REQUESTS
Within one transaction, you can open and close several layout sets using OPEN_FORM and CLOSE_FORM, however not simultaneously. You can use parameters in the OPEN_FORM to control whether the output is stored in the same print request. But also the SAP spool decides, depending on several plausibility checks, whether new output is appended to an existing print request or whether to create a new print request anyway.
CALL FUNCTION 'OPEN_FORM'
CALL FUNCTION 'CLOSE_FORM'
CALL FUNCTION 'OPEN_FORM'
CALL FUNCTION 'CLOSE_FORM'
You cannot combine ABAP/4 list output and SAPscript output in one print request.
START A LAYOUT SET AGAIN
Usually a print program does not print only one urging letter or one account statement, but several layout sets for different customers. To have the output for each customer begin with the start page of the layout set, you must start the current layout set again and again.
To start a layout set again, you must first end the current layout set and then open the layout set again. Within one print request, first call the function module END_FORM. It executes the final processing for the current layout set. Then start the layout set again using START_FORM. Output then begins again on the start page of the desired layout set.
CALL FUNCTION 'OPEN_FORM'
:
CALL FUNCTION 'START_FORM'
:
CALL FUNCTION 'END_FORM'
:
CALL FUNCTION 'START_FORM'
:
CALL FUNCTION 'END_FORM'
:
CALL FUNCTION CLOSE_FORM
If you use START_FORM and END_FORM, you must not specify a layout set for OPEN_FORM. However, in this case you can use the SAPscript output functions only after opening a layout set with START_FORM.
RELATED POSTS
SAP SCRIPT CONTROLS 4
When defining a layout set window, you must select a window type for the window. You can choose between three types:
• Constant windows (CONST)
• Variable windows (VAR)
• Main windows (MAIN)
CONSTANT WINDOW
A window of type CONST has the same contents and size on all layout set pages, on which a corresponding page window is defined. This allows the processing of the window contents to be optimized internally.
Page windows whose allocated window is of type CONST must have the same size throughout the layout set. If a window of type CONST is full, all remaining text the application program wants to output in this window, is lost. Constant windows do not trigger a page break. In other words: all text exceeding the window size is simply truncated.
VARIABLE WINDOW
The contents of variable windows is processed again for each page, on which the window appears. The system outputs only as much text as fits into the window. Text exceeding the window size is truncated; the system does not trigger a page break. Unlike constant windows, the page windows declared as variable windows may have different sizes on different layout set pages.
As far as the processing of the window contents is concerned, the system currently treats constant and variable windows alike. The only difference is that constant windows have the same size throughout the layout set.
MAIN WINDOW
Each layout set must have one window of type
• It controls the page break.
• It contains the text body that may cover several pages.
• It allows to fix text elements at the upper and lower margins of the allocated page window (for example, for column headings).
As soon as a window of type
If a page does not have a main window, the system implicitly processes all other windows of the page and continues with the subsequent page. This page must not call itself as subsequent page (recursive call), since this would produce an endless loop. In such a case, SAPscript terminates the output after three subsequent pages.
HOW THE COMPOSER WORKS
The composer or layout set processor is the central formatting module for the print output. It prepares the texts for the different output devices by using the allocated styles or layout sets.
Processing a layout set happens in a certain order. You must know some facts concerning the different window types, the setting of subsequent pages, or the dynamic control from within the print program.
Page control in layout sets
Define subsequent page statically
Define subsequent page dynamically
Format a layout set page
PAGE CONTROL IN LAYOUT SETS
SAPscript automatically triggers a page break as soon as the main window of one page is full. To be able to execute the page break, the system must know on which subsequent page to continue outputting the text. You can specify the subsequent page either statically when defining the layout set, or you can set the subsequent page dynamically during layout set output.
If the subsequent page is not specified, SAPscript automatically terminates printing, thereby ignoring any other output statements of the application program.
DEFINE SUBSEQUENT PAGE STATICALLY
You define the subsequent page statically with the layout set maintenance transaction. First, specify the start page in the layout set header. The system automatically calls this page whenever the layout set is started. With this page, or, more correctly, with the page window of this page, the text output starts. For each page, specify the subsequent page in the page definition. After a page break, the system continues text output on the subsequent page defined for the last page. By specifying start page and subsequent pages, you can define a page sequence.
DEFINE SUBSEQUENT PAGE DYNAMICALLY
The page sequence set in the layout set definition can be changed by the application program dynamically at runtime. If you want the layout set to start with a page other than the one defined in the layout set header, specify the desired start page using the parameter STARTPAGE when you call the function module START_FORM. However, this new start page is valid only for the current call of the function module.
If you want to break to a subsequent page other than the one specified in the page definition, use the control statement NEW-PAGE to set the name of the new page.
NEW-PAGE
RELATED POSTS
SAP SCRIPT CONTROLS 4
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